Ice Age (minor)_1300-1850

Climate change has also occurred in the past, with the Little Ice Age having a major impact on life at that time.

► From the Medieval Climate Optimum to the Little Ice Agee
The Medieval Warm Period occurred between 950 and 1250 AD. During this period, temperatures in the northern hemisphere were quite mild: long summers and mild winters ensured good harvests.
This led to increased prosperity. However, this period came to an end. The climatic optimum was followed in the 14th century by a long, cold period with harsh winters and shorter summers: the Little Ice Age.

The Little Ice Age began around the start of the 14th century.
The effects of climate change were particularly noticeable in Europe, where cold winters and heavy rainfall had a major impact on crops and livestock.

► Hunger and the Black Death
The effects of climate change were particularly noticeable in Europe.
Cold winters and heavy rainfall had a major impact on harvests and livestock..
♦ The Great Famine, from 1315 to 1317, claimed a large number of victims across Europe..
♦ After 1322, harvests improved again, but food production remained below pre-climate change.
♦ "The Black Death" in 1348 was able to spread more easily after many people's immune systems had been weakened by years of famine.hongersnood.

► THE BLACK DEATH
Ring a Ring o’ roses, a child’s rhyming game, has entertained children for many years.
The classic rhyming game first appeared in print in 1881. However, reportedly, the origins of this song and dance routine occurred during a grimmer time in history.
Legend has it that the rhyming game found its origins during one of the worst pandemics this world has ever seen: THE BLACK DEATH

► With an additional cold spell at the end of the sixteenth century
A cold spell lasting from December 1586 to September 1587 marked the first significant downturn of the Little Ice Age.
Throughout Western and Central Europe, the second half of the 16th century saw a decline in temperatures. Winters became harsher, with more snow and ice, often starting in November and lasting until March or April.maart of april.
From 1530 onwards, summers also became cooler with autumnal weather, complete with storms and storm surges.
Historical research by the KNMI, based on numerous sources such as diaries, city accounts, and tree rings, shows that the last quarter of the sixteenth century was probably the coldest in the past thousand years.
♦ This period marks the low point of the Little Ice Age.

► Political consequences of the Little Ice Age
♦ China deposed the Ming emperor in 1644 after the people could no longer pay their taxes following years of food shortages and floods.
♦ From 1618 to 1648, Europe was ravaged by the Thirty Years' War, which was partly caused by poor harvests, food shortages, and social unrest.

► Warfare during the Little Ice Age
Due to the harsh winters, rivers and lakes suddenly became navigable for armies.
♦ In 1658, Swedish King Charles X Gustav led his armies across the Great Belt, a strait between Sweden and Denmark, to invade Copenhagen.e vallen.
♦ During the wars of the French Revolution, French invasion armies were able to cross Dutch rivers during the harsh winter of 1794, while the Dutch fleet was frozen in at Den Helder.Helder

► Positive consequences of the Little Ice Age
♦ painting:
Many winter landscapes by famous painters have been preserved.
♦ potato: an important part of the European diet in the 18th century, because the potato was more resistant to harsh winters.
♦ We probably also owe the invention of the bicycle to the Little Ice Age, due to the lack of horses.
This would have led to a search for other means of transport. vervoersmiddelen.
♦ In light of the current debates surrounding climate change, it is particularly important to bear these periods in history in mind. Climate change, whether warming (Medieval Warm Period) or cooling (Little Ice Age), has had both positive and negative
consequences in the past.

► The first quarter of the 17th century was still cold, as evidenced, among other things, by the winter landscapes painted by artists such as:
♦ Hendrick Avercamp (1585-1634).
These paintings often depict frozen bodies of water on which all kinds of people are skating, walking, or enjoying themselves in other ways.
♦ Pieter Brueghel de Jonge (1564-1638).
Snow is also a dominant feature in many village scenes here.

► From the second quarter of the 17th century onwards, there was a clear recovery and it even became relatively mild.
For example, the winters of 1636 and 1637 in Western Europe were mild and the summers in those years were even warm, with early and rich wine harvests once again.

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Photo's
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