Ozena: Tuberculosis of the Nose, circa 1870.The dreaded infection ‘Ozena’ was an ailment of much prominence in the pre-antibiotic era because it accompanied many infectious diseases of the nose. The infection of the nasal cavities resulted in a foul nasal discharge & a fetid breath. Ozena is mainly seen today as a marked degeneration of the nasal mucosa. This occurs most commonly as a hereditary malady but is also associated with the over use of nasal sprays & drops.
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rhino scleroma
Is a chronic granulomatous bacterial disease of the nose that can sometimes infect the upper respiratory tract.
H. Riffarth in Berlincopperplate engravings
Photogravure of rhinoscleroma from Wolkowitsch.
Klebsiella ozaenae (K. pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae)
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General information
K. ozaenae and K. rhinoscleromais are associated with chronic diseases of the upper airways: ozena and rhinoscleroma.
Taxonomy
Family: Enterobacteriaceae
K. pneumoniae subsp pneumoniae
K. pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae
K. pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis
Clinical significance
- K. ozaenae
Occurs in ozena (a chronic disease of the nose characterized by foul smelling nasal discharge and atrophy of nasal structures) and other chronic diseases of the respiratory tract
- K. rhinoscleromatis
Causes a slowly progressing granulomatous disease of the nasal mucous membrane (rhinoscleroma)
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Gram stain
Gram negative straight rods,
capsulated
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Culture characteristics
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Facultative anaerobic
BA: they grow more slowly, yielding voluminous, rounded, very mucoid, translucent and confluent colonies in 48 hours.
McConkey: growth
BBAØ: growth
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Characteristics
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References
James Versalovic et al.(2011) Manual of Clinical Microbiology 10th Edition
Karen C. Carrol et al (2019) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 12th Edition
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Dept. Medical Microbiology and Infectious diseases