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Haemophilus haemolyticus

  • General information

    • the following information is not yet verified
      Taxonomy
      Family: Pasteurellaceae

      Natural habitats
      H. haemolyticus is a human commensal bacterium that colonizes the nasopharynx.

      Clinical significance They are closely related to the human patogen H. influenzae but has rarely been reported to cause invasive disease. They may cause disease more as a oppertunistic pathogen

  • Gram stain

    • the following information is not yet verified
      Small, pleomorphic Gram negative rods

      0.2-0.3 x 0.5-0.8 µm,

      may range from coccobacilli to short rods and filamentous rods.

  • Culture characteristics

    • the following information is not yet verified

      They have fastidious growth requirements Facultative anaerobic

      5% CO2 improves the growth and requirements for X and/or V factors for growth.

      BA: no growth,
      Growth is only achieved as a satellite phenomenon around a S. aureus. HorseBA
      They induces clear ß-hemolysis in contrast to H. influenzae.
      However, the hemolytic activity may be lost due to multiple subcultures or other unkown mechanisms, and non-hemolytic H. haemolyticus strains are often misidentified as nontypeable H. influenzae. Many isolates are nonhemolytic even on primary isolation. CHOC-agar: (present in X- and V-factor)
      Colonies are smooth, with a flat or convex shape.
      They are nonpigmented (i.e., buff or light tan) or slightly yellow and are 0.5 to 2.0 mm in diameter. They have never been shown to produce a capsule.
      Capsule is considered a crucial virulence factor for many bacterial pathogens, such as H. influenzae.

      McConkey: no growth

      BBAØ: growth

      Satellite
      H. influenzae and H. haemolyticus will grow in the hemolytic zone of S. aureus on blood agar plates, the hemolysis of cells by S. aureus releases factor V which is needed for its growth.

      H. influenza and H. haemolyticus will not grow outside the hemolytic zone of S. aureus due to the lack of nutrients such as V-factor in these areas.

      CHOC-agar
      The heat releases X- (hemin) and V (NAD or NADP) factor from the red blood cells, and turns the medium in a chocolate brown color.

  • Characteristics

  • References

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